What is the primary function of a lathe?

The primary function of a lathe is to produce cylindrical shapes by rotating the workpiece. This process, known as turning, enables the machinist to remove material from the outer surface of the workpiece to create various dimensions, shapes, and surface finishes. The lathe's ability to rotate the material allows for precise shaping of cylindrical components, such as shafts, pins, and rods, which are commonly required in manufacturing and machining applications.

While drilling holes, creating flat surfaces, and assembling parts are important machining operations, they are not the primary purpose of a lathe. Drilling is typically performed with a drill press or hand-held drill, surface grinders or milling machines are used for making flat surfaces, and assembly involves the joining of different components rather than shaping a single workpiece.