What is the role of coolant in machining processes?

Coolant plays a vital role in machining processes primarily by reducing heat and providing lubrication. As a cutting tool interacts with the workpiece, significant friction is generated, which leads to high temperatures. Excessive heat can adversely affect both the tool and material properties. By utilizing coolant, the temperature is kept within a manageable range, thus extending the lifespan of the cutting tool and maintaining the quality of the workpiece.

Moreover, the lubrication aspect of coolant helps minimize friction between the tool and the material, allowing for smoother cuts and better surface finishes. This combination of cooling and lubrication is essential for efficient machining, as it enables faster cutting speeds, less tool wear, and improved overall performance in manufacturing tasks.

The other options do not accurately represent the primary function of coolants in machining. Increasing friction is counterproductive and can lead to overheating and tool damage. While coolants may help in cleaning the work area to some extent, that is not their primary purpose in the machining process. Additionally, hardening of the material is unrelated to the role of coolant, which focuses on temperature management and tool life extension.